First-principles study of adsorption, dissociation, and diffusion of hydrogen on α-U (110) surface

According to the equilibrium crystal shape of alpha-U, the surface of alpha-U (110) is more stable and has a larger area fraction than alpha-U (001). Therefore, the adsorption, dissociation, and diffusion behaviors of H atoms and H-2 molecules on the alpha-U (110) surface were systematically studied by first-principles calculations. The results show that there are only two stable adsorption sites for the H atom: the surface short-bridge site (SB1) and the subsurface short-bridge site (SB2). The adsorption of H-2 molecules is divided into chemical adsorption of dissociated H-2 molecules and physical adsorption of undissociated H-2 molecules, and the LB2-ParL adsorption configuration is the most stable adsorption configuration for H-2 molecule adsorption, with an adsorption energy of -0.250 eV. The work function and charge transfer show that adsorption of the H atom or H-2 molecule leads to an increase in the work function value of the alpha-U (110) surface, which enhances the electronic stability of the alpha-U (110) surface. The projected density of states shows that when the H atom or H-2 molecule is close to the alpha-U (110) surface, the 1s orbital electrons of the H atom will hybridize with the 5f/6d orbital electrons of the nearby surface and subsurface U atoms, and new hybridized orbital peaks appear near the -4.5 eV or -7.3 eV energy level. The climbing image nudged elastic band study shows that the surface free H atoms are very easy to diffuse between the surface short-bridge sites and the subsurface short-bridge sites but the diffusion between the short-bridge site and the triangular center site is extremely difficult. (c) 2024 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)