Queer theory, sex work and the European Union: on the constitutive exclusion of sex work from the European Union's lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersexual policies

In this article, I analyse the constitutive effects of the exclusion of sex work for the European Union's (EU's) lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersexual (LGBTI) policies. I combine queer theory, the literature on EU LGBTI politics and approaches that address sex work from a queer perspective and develop a discursive analysis of the EU's LGBTI policies between 1984 and 2020. I argue that the EU's LGBTI policies exclude sex work in various ways and that such exclusion is constitutive of the EU's LGBTI policies themselves, in particular, when sex work is framed in neo-abolitionist terms. Specifically, the EU's LGBTI policies exclude sex work as a constitutive other against which the neoliberal and homonormative sexual subject of rights and new sexual respectability that structures such policies are constructed. The exclusion of sex work from the EU's LGBTI policies is thus indispensable to disciplining political subjectivity and sexuality in line with heteronormativity and neoliberalism in such terms.