Evaluation of disassembly line layouts using an integrated fermatean fuzzy decision-making methodology: An application for refrigerator disassembly line

The layout focusing on the physical arrangement of workstations is an important consideration when designing a disassembly line. The layout of a line has a significant impact on its efficiency. The new problem addressed within this study is evaluating the main disassembly line layout types with respect to a thorough hierarchy of evaluation criteria classifying quantitative and qualitative. The addressed problem is modeled as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). To this end, a novel methodology that combines Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) methods under the Fermatean fuzzy environment is proposed for sustainable waste management. Fermatean fuzzy SWARA (FF-SWARA) is used to find out the weight of criteria consisting of disassembly line balancing characteristics, reconfigurability, working conditions, and end-of-life product characteristics. Fermatean fuzzy WASPAS (FF-WASPAS) is used to rank the alternative disassembly line layouts consisting of straight, U-shaped, two-sided, and parallel lines considering the weight of criteria. The multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for the disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP) of each line layout type is integrated into the proposed methodology. This integration reflects the effect of balancing performance measurements such as the number of stations, removing hazardous parts early, removing high demand parts early, and line lead time. Reconfigurability principles, working conditions, and product characteristics that rely on expert opinions are considered under the qualitative criteria. The developed methodology was applied to a refrigerator disassembly line and verified by sensitivity analysis and comparative studies. The results show that the two-sided disassembly line layout is the best option.