Association of vitamin deficiency with the progression of anaemia

Vitamins are micronutrients that play a vital role in the body's proper functioning and development. Furthermore, they are an essential requirement of the body for producing red blood cells (RBCs) and their growth. A particular quantity of micronutrients is mandatory for the regulation of body metabolism. Deficiency in vitamins leads to different types of anaemia in the body. Furthermore, deficiencies in both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins are linked to the destruction of RBCs. This review article was aimed at finding the correlation between the deficiency of vitamins and anaemia, with a major focus on the deficiency of vitamins B-9 and B-12 and their association with anaemia. In our deep observation of the literature, we found that the deficiency of vitamins causes iron malabsorption, haemoglobin (Hb) synthesis malfunctioning, impaired DNA synthesis, and a disturbed methylation cycle, while a disrupted erythropoiesis process and a reduction in the RBC's production leads to anaemia. Interference in vitamin B-9 and vitamin B-12-associated chemical reactions causes deficiency and results in diminished DNA synthesis. Malabsorption of vitamins B-9 and B-12 is a major concern for anaemia, but other water and fat-soluble vitamins disrupt iron metabolism and interrupt the erythropoiesis process, which ultimately causes anaemia. There should be a balanced number of vitamins in the diet; otherwise, this will inhibit the production of RBCs. As Vitamin B-9 and B-12 deficiencies have been associated with a reduction in DNA synthesis, further study is required to discover how additional fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins affect DNA synthesis.