Contamination, sources and health risk assessment of PAHs in surface and underground water in Nigeria: a review

被引:6
作者
Aralu, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka [1 ]
Abugu, Hillary Onyeka [2 ]
Egbueri, Johnbosco C. [3 ]
Agbasi, Johnson C. [3 ]
Ezugwu, Arinze Longinus [2 ]
Omeka, Michael Ekuru [4 ]
Ucheana, Ifeanyi Adolphus [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
[2] Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, Nigeria
[3] Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Univ, Dept Geol, Anambra, Nigeria
[4] Univ Calabar, Dept Geol, Calabar, Nigeria
[5] Univ Nigeria, Cent Sci Lab, Nsukka, Nigeria
关键词
PAHs; underground water; surface water; health risk; contamination; sources; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; DELTA; RIVER; CITY; PESTICIDES; REGION; STATE; FISH;
D O I
10.1080/15569543.2024.2382975
中图分类号
R99 [毒物学(毒理学)];
学科分类号
100405 ;
摘要
The industrialization of Nigeria for economic development has led to the pollution of the ecosystem by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through anthropogenic activities. PAHs are toxic organic compounds, ubiquitous and can pose a health-related environmental risk. The sources, concentration, and health risk assessments of PAHs in underground and surface water in Nigeria were reviewed in this study. Previous studies were extracted from research databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Scopus) and appropriately screened. The PAH levels found in the studies were at low and high concentrations and could pose a health-related risk to the populace. The values ranged from ND-17,762 to ND-450,000 mu g/L for underground and surface water, respectively. Also, the sources of the PAHs were pyrogenic and petrogenic. The cancer risk assessment values of PAHs in the water recorded low to high-risk values via dermal and ingestion exposure routes to humans. The hazard index (HI) values of the non-carcinogenic risk observed no risk except for only one study. It is recommended that proper monitoring, awareness, and strict enforcement of regulatory laws be implemented to prevent water and environmental pollution by this toxic compound.
引用
收藏
页码:634 / 650
页数:17
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