Efficient industrial-current-density H 2 O 2 production in neutral medium via external-shell boron regulation on single-atom VN 4 sites

The unamiable electrolyte environment and insufficient kinetics of electrochemical two -electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e - ORR) hinders its application in producing H 2 O 2 . To address this issue, nitrogencoordinated single atom vanadium with external shell boron regulation is designed for efficient H 2 O 2 production in neutral medium. The optimal catalyst VN 4 B/NC showcase a 2e - ORR pathway selectivity of 96.6 % in 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 . And the high current density (1.1 A cm -2 ) and excellent production rate (16.23 mmol cm -1 h -1 ) in flow cell further confirm its superior activity. Moreover, VN 4 B/NC exhibits potential application in solid electrolyte reactor, which is demonstrated by the production rate of 10.18 mmol cm -1 h -1 and long-term stability up to 100 h. Mechanism study suggest the external shell B regulation optimize the adsorption of OOH* intermediates on V sites, boosting the 2e - ORR pathway. This work provides novel insights to rational design of electrocatalysts for commodity chemicals production.