Research progress of green antisolvent for perovskite solar cells

Conventional antisolvents such as chlorobenzene and benzotrifluoride are highly toxic and volatile, and therefore not preferred for large-scale fabrication. As such, green antisolvents are favored for the eco-friendly fabrication of perovskite films. This review primarily discusses the impact of various green antisolvents on the fabrication of thin perovskite films and analyzes the main chemical characteristics of these green antisolvents. It also interprets the impact of green antisolvent treatment on crystal growth and nucleation crystallization mechanisms. It introduces the effective fabrication of large-area devices using green antisolvents and analyzes the mechanisms by which green antisolvents enhance device stability. Subsequently, several green antisolvents capable of preparing highly stable and efficient devices are listed. Finally, we outline the key challenges and future prospects of antisolvent treatment. This review paves the way for green fabrication of industrial perovskite solar cells. This review primarily discusses the effects of green antisolvent treatment on crystal growth and the nucleation crystallization mechanism on the device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.