Advances in adsorption of Pb(II) by MOFs-based nanocomposites in water

Currently, the escalation of water pollution due to heavy metals has reached a critical point, posing a significant threat to human existence. Lead and its compounds, among these metals, exhibit notable stability, making them resistant to metabolic breakdown and degradation. However, the persistence of lead in water can endanger human well-being by infiltrating the food chain, leading to various ailments, including cancer. The adsorption approach has gained considerable prominence in the realm of heavy metal treatment methodologies, owing to its broad applicability, pronounced selectivity, and the potential for renewing and reusing adsorbents. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by their porous structure, have emerged as a premier choice for adsorbing heavy metal ions, thanks to their substantial specific surface area, robust stability, and minimal density. This comprehensive review aims to encapsulate and delve into the adsorption parameters, kinetics, and mechanisms inherent in the utilization of highly efficient and recyclable MOF composites for Pb(II) adsorption in water. This effort seeks to provide a foundational guide for prospective research endeavors and practical implementations.