Effect of sesame supplementation on body composition and lipid pro fi le in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Aims: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta -analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the impact of sesame supplementation on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), lowdensity lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL-C), and high -density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data synthesis: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase were searched without any restrictions until September 2023.Only RCTs reporting the effects of sesame supplementation on body composition and lipid profiles were included, while observational studies and animal models were excluded. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Out of 997 studies identified, 10 were included in the systematic review and meta -analysis. Our meta -analysis suggested a significant association between sesame supplementation and reduction in TG (weighted mean difference (WMD): -37.61 mg/dl, 95 % CI: - 61.48, 13.73), TC (WMD: -32.69 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -47.26, 18.12), and LDL-C (WMD: - 28.72 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -44.68, 12.76). However, our meta -analysis indicated that the supplementary intake of sesame had no significant effect on HDL-C, BW, and BMI in patients with T2DM. Conclusions: This study showed that sesame consumption significantly lowered TG, TC, and LDLC levels, which may have contributed to the improvement of clinical symptoms in T2DM. However, given the limited number of trials included in the analysis, additional large-scale studies are needed to confirm the effects of sesame consumption on the lipid profile and body composition in patients with T2DM. Prospero code: CRD42023460630. <feminine ordinal indicator> 2024 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.