Clinical characteristics and predictors of long-term postoperative urinary incontinence in patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: A propensity-matched analysis

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and predictors of long-term postoperative urinary incontinence (PUI) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: This study included patients who underwent RARP at our institution and were stratified into PUI (>= 1 pad/day) and continence (0 pad/day) groups at 60 months after RARP. A propensity score-matched analysis with multiple preoperative urinary status (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite urinary subdomains, total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and IPSS-quality of life scores) was performed to match preoperative urinary status in these groups. Serial changes in urinary status and treatment satisfaction preoperatively and until 60 months after RARP were compared, and predictors of long-term PUI were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 228 patients were included in the PUI and continence groups (114 patients each). Although no significant difference in preoperative urinary status was observed between the two groups, the postoperative urinary status significantly worsened overall in the PUI group than in the continence group. Treatment satisfaction was also significantly lower in the PUI group than in the continence group from 12 to 60 months postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (>= 70 years) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) were significant predictors of the long-term PUI group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with long-term PUI had poor overall postoperative urinary status and lower treatment satisfaction than the continence group. Considering the age and risk of BCR is important for predicting long-term PUI when performing RARP.