Study of mineralogy and distribution of rare earth elements in coal block of Eastern Coalfield, India

Coal by-products are continuing to be explored as secondary resources for extraction of rare earth elements (REEs). Nevertheless, the knowledge of their geological abundance is still scarce compared to the high global demand. The present investigation aims to study the distribution of REEs in coal samples acquired from Eastern coalfield, India. A total of 27 samples collected from two boreholes (RGCF-1and RGCF-2) were thoroughly analyzed. The average REE concentration in RGCF-1 was 724 ppm, while for RGCF-2, it was 658 ppm with a distribution pattern of Ce>La>Nd>Y>Pr>Sc>Sm>Gd>Dy>Yb>Er>Eu>Ho>Tb>Tm>Lu. Quartz, feldspar, sanidine, magnetite, hematite, anatase/titanate and illite were deduced to be the major mineral phases in these coal ash samples prepared at 815 degrees C. In RGCF-1, REEs were associated with magnetite, whereas in RGCF-2, they were primarily with aluminosilicate and titanate minerals. The overall concentration of critical REEs varied from 122.5 to 387.8 ppm with an outlook co-efficient (C-outl) of 0.58-1.26, indicative of the suitability of the chosen coal block for future exploration. Such an exploration-based investigation on abundance of REEs in the Indian subcontinent coupled with the knowledge of their mineralogical association is beneficial in not only understanding their enrichment but also coining a suitable extraction strategy for these valuables.