Early Experiences of Parents of Children With Craniofacial Microsomia

Objective: To describe the early health care experiences of parents of children with craniofacial microsomia (CFM), a congenital diagnosis often identified at birth. Design: Qualitative descriptive. Setting: Homes of participants. Participants: Parents of 28 children with CFM from across the United States. Methods: We interviewed participants (27 mothers individually and one mother and father together) via telephone or teleconference and used reflexive thematic analysis to derive themes that represented early health care experiences of parents of children with CFM. Results: Participants' narratives included detailed recounting of their birth and early care experiences. We identified two overarching themes. The first overarching theme, Stressors , included four subthemes that represented difficulties related to emotional reactions and negative experiences with health care providers. The second overarching theme, Finding Strength , included four subthemes that represented participants' positive adjustment to stressors through independent information seeking about CFM, adaptive coping, positive experiences with health care providers, and drawing on external supports. Conclusion: Participants often described early experiences as challenging. Findings have implications for improving early care, including increasing open and supportive communication by health care professionals, expanding access to CFM information, screening for mental health concerns among parents, strengthening coping among parents, and linking families to resources such as reliable online CFM information and early intervention programs.