Identification of appropriate sites for solar-based green hydrogen production using a combination of density-based clustering, Best-Worst Method, and Spatial GIS

Hydrogen is a relatively new source of sustainable energy resources; presently, its usage ranges from direct energy generation in mixed -cycle thermal power plants to its usage in the internal combustion engine. If the generation of hydrogen is coupled with renewable energy resources, the use of hydrocarbons can be substantially reduced in both energy generation and transportation. In this paper, we conducted a national -level assessment to identify the hydrogen generation capacity of Pakistan. The methodology used in this study is a combination of spatial multi -criteria analysis and density -based clustering in a geographical information systems environment. Based on the analysis, the national clusters capable of producing green hydrogen were identified. The results shows that the hydrogen generation capacity for Pakistan is approximately 7 million tons per year using solar photovoltaic energy. The Surab-Gwadar alignment, N-25 national highway, and Quetta -to -D -I -Khan alignment offer potential hydrogen generation sites with water resources. Most of the identified sites for the production of hydrogen in the country were found to be near the national electricity transmission networks. The Best -Worst Method was further employed to provide policymakers with a road map for prioritizing the development of these capacities based on their proximity to the national networks, their terrain suitability, and their generation capacities.