Why Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Free with Vaccination Should Be Equivalent to Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Free without Vaccination

被引:1
作者
Moura, Pedro [1 ]
Kihm, Ulrich [1 ,2 ]
Schudel, Alejandro [3 ]
Bergmann, Ingrid [4 ]
Buholzer, Patrik [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] SAFOSO AG, CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland
[2] TAFS Forum, CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland
[3] Fdn Prosaia, C1061, Buenos Aires, Argentina
[4] Univ Abierta Interamer UAI, Ctr Virol Humana & Anim CEVHAN, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn CONICET, C1287, Buenos Aires, Argentina
关键词
foot-and-mouth disease; control; eradication; free sanitary status; UNITED-KINGDOM; VIRUS; STRATEGIES; VACCINES; DIFFERENTIATION; ERADICATION; ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIC; ANTIGEN; CATTLE;
D O I
10.3390/vetsci11060281
中图分类号
S85 [动物医学(兽医学)];
学科分类号
0906 ;
摘要
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is still one of the most relevant animal diseases and remains of global concern. The World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) has specified two sanitary statuses that assure freedom from FMD: a country or zone can be free from FMD either with or without vaccination. To obtain either of the two statuses, absence of virus circulation must be shown. The standards set by WOAH are used for trade negotiations. During recent decades, different tools and approaches were developed to control FMD, including vaccines, diagnostics, and the Progressive Control Pathway for FMD. These tools improved over time, and nowadays high-quality, reliable vaccines and specific diagnostics are available to efficiently control and detect the infection, even in vaccinated populations. Due to these improvements, it is no longer justifiable to treat the two FMD-free statuses differently. The distinction between the statuses provides wrong incentives and tempts countries to take increased risks by stopping vaccination to improve their trade conditions, which can have potentially devastating consequences. The decision to stop vaccination should only be made on the basis of a careful and comprehensive analysis of the local and regional epidemiological situation. This paper presents the perspective that member countries and WOAH should recognize the two FMD-free statuses as equivalent.
引用
收藏
页数:11
相关论文
共 66 条
[41]   Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus: strategies and effectiveness [J].
Parida, Satya .
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES, 2009, 8 (03) :347-365
[42]   Integrating the Technical, Risk Management and Economic Implications of Animal Disease Control to Advise Policy Change: The Example of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control in Uruguay [J].
Perry, Brian ;
Rich, Karl M. ;
Rojas, Hernan ;
Romero, Jaime ;
Adamson, David ;
Bervejillo, Jose Eduardo ;
Fernandez, Federico ;
Pereira, Alvaro ;
Perez, Lautaro ;
Reich, Fernando ;
Sarno, Rafael ;
Vitale, Edgardo ;
Stanham, Federico ;
Rushton, Jonathan .
ECOHEALTH, 2020, 17 (03) :381-387
[43]   Advances in the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease in South America: 2011-2020 [J].
Rivera, Alejandro Mauricio ;
Sanchez-Vazquez, Manuel Jose ;
Pituco, Edviges Maristela ;
Buzanovsky, Lia Puppim ;
Martini, Monica ;
Cosivi, Ottorino .
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 2023, 9
[44]   Quantitative single serum-dilution liquid phase competitive blocking ELISA for the assessment of herd immunity and expected protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vaccinated cattle [J].
Robiolo, Blanca ;
La Torre, Jose ;
Duffy, Sergio ;
Leon, Emilio ;
Seki, Cristina ;
Torres, Adriana ;
Mattion, Nora .
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS, 2010, 166 (1-2) :21-27
[45]   The Carrier Conundrum; A Review of Recent Advances and Persistent Gaps Regarding the Carrier State of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus [J].
Stenfeldt, Carolina ;
Arzt, Jonathan .
PATHOGENS, 2020, 9 (03)
[46]   The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Pigs [J].
Stenfeldt, Carolina ;
Diaz-San Segundo, Fayna ;
de los Santos, Teresa ;
Rodriguez, Luis L. ;
Arzt, Jonathan .
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 2016, 3
[47]   Control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease [J].
Sutmoller, P ;
Barteling, SS ;
Olascoaga, RC ;
Sumption, KJ .
VIRUS RESEARCH, 2003, 91 (01) :101-144
[48]  
TAFS Forum Fundacion Prosaia, 2022, Intercambio comercial seguro de productos de origen animal* documento de propuesta con america del sur como ejemplo de caso
[49]  
TAFS Forum Fundacion Prosaia, 2022, A Global Paradigm Shift in the Perception of 'FMD-Free with Vaccination' Status for Safe Trade of Animal Products
[50]  
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations PQv List