Exploring the Impact of Extended Maceration on the Volatile Compounds and Sensory Profile of Monastrell Red Wine

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial to the wine's overall quality since they define the aromatic profile. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 146-day extended maceration (EM) treatment positively affects the aromatic and sensory properties of Monastrell red wine. A total of 43 aromatic compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified using solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS). In general, EM treatment decreased both the number and total relative concentration of VOCs. Specifically, EM decreased the concentration of alcohols, terpenes and sulphur compounds compared to control wines. However certain compounds such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, phenylethyl and ethyl decanoate significantly increased with prolonged maceration. Conversely, EM treatment did not significantly affect the total relative concentrations of esters and ketones. From sensorial point of view, the triangular test showed a positive identification of wines (10/18) with a significant preference for EM wines. Moreover, descriptive analysis revealed that EM wines scored lower values in appearance, aroma and taste. Future research should aim to optimize maceration time to enhance the content of VOCs without compromising the sensory quality of the wine.