Synthesis and characterization of Y and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Structural, optical, morphological, and gas sensing investigations

ZnO and Mn-doped Zn 0.92 Y 0.08-x Mn x O (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) nanoparticles were synthesized hydrothermally and thoroughly characterized structurally, morphologically, and optically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed their crystalline wurtzite structure, with dopant concentration affecting lattice parameters, causing expansion or contraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed Mn and Y integration into the ZnO matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed morphological shifts from rods to flowers with increased Mn doping concentration. UV -visible absorption revealed optical band changes due to doping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified Zn -O, Y -O, and Mn -O bonds. Photoluminescence (PL) indicated intensity shifts with doping, suggesting dopant influence on defect -related emissions. Doped ZnO nanoparticles displayed superior hydrogen gas sensing, especially x = 0.04 at 250 degrees C, attributed to smaller size and structural changes.