Waste opportunity gap for energy productivity in new product design

The Waste Opportunity Gap (WOG) issue should be considered in new product development (NPD) design. This is a term in the field of product development and redesign, and it means opportunities and facilities that could have been used in product design from its waste viewpoint, but were missed. In this paper, the product does not have WOG, it is considered a useful and efficient product from the users' point of view. Because many manufacturers do not consider the gap after the termination of the product's life, how to use it optimally in the recycling cycle after the end of the product's life cycle. The identification of waste opportunities stands as a crucial component in directing the operations of companies pertaining to the sphere of product manufacturing, service provision, and information processing. The process of identifying a WOG is an intricate blend of artistic intuition and scientific expertise. The aforementioned task necessitates the identification of numerous factors pertaining to four fundamental domains, namely social and economic trends, technological advancements, and political transformations. Therefore, the present study intends to address the opportunity gap in NPD related to wastes and investigate the concept of converting waste to energy after consuming the container to maintain sustainability. The bi-stage approach make use of the best-worst method to weigh the collected product design indicators collected from the literature. Then, a mathematical model formulate the problem for decision making. The proposed mathematical model was implemented in GAMS 28.2.0 to maximize energy production from waste and minimize the greenhouse gas emission of product innovation. The results showed that in today's competitive world where sustainability and the environment are important, the index of converting waste into energy is one of the main indicators of innovation.