The nexus between ICT, top-down and bottom-up approaches for sustainability activities: A systematic mapping study

The role of ICT solutions in protecting the environment, strengthening global efforts to combat climate change, and promoting sustainability has received significant global attention. Various strategies, such as top-down, bottom-up, or blended approaches involving policies and civic actions, have been employed to raise awareness and foster sustainable behavioral changes. However, the relationship between ICT and engagement approaches for promoting awareness and empowering communities and organizations to adopt sustainable practices remains underexplored. This paper presents a systematic mapping study (SMS) that examines the nexus between ICT solutions and engagement approaches, aiming to support citizens' transition to a more sustainable society. The study analyzed 66 relevant primary studies addressing sustainable activities, engagement approaches, and ICT solutions to promote and strengthen awareness of sustainable behavior and activities. The results indicate a growing interest among researchers in ICT-driven engagement approaches for sustainable choices. The study highlights the need for a blended approach that encompasses techno-social strategies to stimulate awareness of sustainable activities and practices at both individual and societal levels. Furthermore, there is a need for future research on the roles of policies, civic actions, and implementation framing, such as green identity, eco-subsidies, and green taxes, for effective strategies to design sustainability-centric technological solutions to foster citizen sustainability awareness and adoption of sustainable practices. These findings contribute to the expanding body of research on ICT for sustainability and hold implications for policymakers, citizens, and organizations committed to a sustainable future.