Gamma-Rays Empowered the Antimicrobial Potential of TiO2/Fe3O4/MIL-101(Cr) Nanocomposite against Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Pathogenic Fungi

One of the biggest global threats to contemporary medicine and society at large is antibiotic resistance, which is also one of the least understood by professionals and the general public. Emerging crystalline materials called metal-organic frameworks (MOF) find extensive uses in biomedical engineering. Because of their excellent stability, and high porosity, MOFs are useful platforms for designing a variety of disinfectant agents against some pathogenic microbes that causing serious diseases. In this work, the effective hydrothermal synthesis of MIL-101(Cr) as a MOF substance was the main focus of originality and scientific value. Then, using a reduction-precipitation method, Fe2O3 material integrated the produced MOF structure. To synthesize the TiO2/Fe3O4/MIL-101(Cr) composite, we used a simple hydrothermal in situ growth technique. The XRD and HR-TEM analyses of the newly synthesized MOF-Fe2O3/TiO2 composite essentially confirmed its crystallinity and formation with the precise shape and size. Data clearly demonstrated that Candida albicans was the most susceptible organism to all three kinds of synthesized samples, with documented MIC values for MOF-Fe2O3/TiO2 at 62.5 mu g mL(- 1). Results further revealed that MOF-Fe2O3/TiO2 had the same MIC values of 62.5 mu g mL(- 1) against Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Positively, the amount of bacterial protein removed is directly proportional after increasing the concentration of MOF, MOF-Fe2O3, and MOF-Fe2O3/TiO2 and counted to be 99.89, 200.89, and 410.10 mu g mL(- 1) following the treatment with MOF, MOF-Fe2O3, and MOF-Fe2O3/TiO2, respectively. The promising results demonstrates the antibacterial features of the MOF-Fe2O3, and MOF-Fe2O3/TiO2 and describes the appearance of holes in the S. aureus membrane, which help in making the proteins bleed out from the S. aureus cytoplasm. Eventually, after irradiation with gamma dose (100.0 kGy), the potential antimicrobial activity of the synthesized MOF-Fe2O3/TiO2 was increased.