Rational design and controlled synthesis of metal-organic frameworks to meet the needs of electrochemical sensors with different sensing characteristics: An overview

It is known that porous structure of materials offers opportunities for the creation of a new range of materials with precise functions. Metal -organic frameworks (MOFs) are ordered porous materials formed by self -assembly of metal nodes and organic ligands. The study found that MOFs are ideal sensing materials. Recently, increasing attention has focused on developing MOFs-based electrochemical (EC) sensors due to their adjusted pore sizes, large surface area, and excellent physical/chemical stability. Various pure MOFs with distinct structures and functions can be synthesized by selecting different metal centers and organic ligands, the MOFs family has been further extended through the exploration of MOFs-derived materials and MOFs composites. In this review, firstly, the classifications and synthesis methods of MOFs materials are presented. Subsequently, the relationship between structure and performance, as well as different strategies for the rational design and controlled synthesis of multifunctional MOFs materials according to the specific requirements of EC sensors are discussed in detail. Finally, it presents conclusive perspectives on the current challenges in using MOFs materials for EC sensors. This paper will offer important guidance in designing and applying MOFs materials in EC sensors.