Speech and language therapists' perceptions of contextual factors associated with communicative participation in children with developmental language disorders

Children with developmental language disorders (DLDs) may experience barriers to communicative participation. Communicative participation is defined as 'participation in life situations in which knowledge, information, ideas or feelings are exchanged'. Barriers experienced in communicative participation cannot be explained by language competence alone and are thought to be influenced by contextual factors. A better understanding of these factors will contribute to tailored speech and language therapy services for children with DLD. We conducted a focus group study with 13 speech and language therapists' (SLTs) to explore their perspectives on contextual (environmental and personal) factors in early childhood that are associated with communicative participation in children with DLD. The personal factor of child well-being, and the environmental factors of familial support and SLT service provision were developed through thematic analysis. The potential mediating role of these factors on communicative participation implies that it is important to address contextual barriers and facilitators in speech and language therapy services.