Model-Based Simulations of the Insertion of Tensor Threads in Patient-Specific Human Face: A Proof of Concept

Facial paralysis, i.e. the inability to activate facial muscles, results in face tissue sagging under the effect of gravity, with aesthetic and functional consequences, which deeply degrades quality of life. In order to compensate for sagging, a minimally invasive clinical procedure involves inserting and anchoring biodegradable tensor threads under the facial skin to restore tissue tension. This paper presents a proof of concept of a software tool that uses simulations with a Finite Element (FE) biomechanical model of the face in order for the surgeons to (1) predict how tensor threads mechanically interact with facial tissue and (2) visualize preoperatively in real-time the postoperative aesthetic appearance of the patient's face using a Reduced Order Model of the FE model.