[1] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
[2] Shiyang River Basin Sci Observing Stn Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
[3] Lanzhou Univ, Inst Green Dev Yellow River Drainage Basin, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England
[5] Univ Glasgow, Sch Engn, James Watt South Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland