The Locus Coeruleus in Chronic Pain

被引:2
作者
Espana, Jorge Castejon [1 ,2 ]
Yasoda-Mohan, Anusha [1 ,3 ]
Vanneste, Sven [1 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Trinity Coll Dublin, Trinity Coll Inst Neurosci, Sch Psychol, Lab Clin & Integrat Neurosci, Dublin D02PN40, Ireland
[2] Compass Physio, Enfield A83 YW96, Ireland
[3] Trinity Coll Dublin, Global Brain Hlth Inst, Dublin D02PN40, Ireland
[4] Brain Res Ctr Adv Int Innovat & Interdisciplinary, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
关键词
chronic pain; locus coeruleus; comorbidities; pain pathways; pain inhibition; NORADRENERGIC NEURONS; MONOAMINE NEURONS; SYSTEM; ORGANIZATION; ACTIVATION; ANXIETY; INPUT; SLEEP; BRAIN; LOCALIZATION;
D O I
10.3390/ijms25168636
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Pain perception is the consequence of a complex interplay between activation and inhibition. Noradrenergic pain modulation inhibits nociceptive transmission and pain perception. The main source of norepinephrine (NE) in the central nervous system is the Locus Coeruleus (LC), a small but complex cluster of cells in the pons. The aim of this study is to review the literature on the LC-NE inhibitory system, its influence on chronic pain pathways and its frequent comorbidities. The literature research showed that pain perception is the consequence of nociceptive and environmental processing and is modulated by the LC-NE system. If perpetuated in time, nociceptive inputs can generate neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system that reduce the inhibitory effects of the LC-NE complex and facilitate the development of chronic pain and frequent comorbidities, such as anxiety, depression or sleeping disturbances. The exact mechanisms involved in the LC functional shift remain unknown, but there is some evidence that they occur through plastic changes in the medial and lateral pathways and their brain projections. Additionally, there are other influencing factors, like developmental issues, neuroinflammatory glial changes, NE receptor affinity and changes in LC neuronal firing rates.
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页数:17
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