Search for nontensorial gravitational-wave backgrounds in the NANOGrav 15-year dataset

被引：15

作者：

Chen, Zu-Cheng ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
,5
]}

Wu, Yu-Mei ^{[6
,7
]}

Bi, Yan-Chen ^{[7
,8
]}

Huang, Qing-Guo ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

机构：

[1] Hunan Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China

[2] Hunan Normal Univ, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Effects & Applicat, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China

[3] Hunan Normal Univ, Inst Interdisciplinary Studies, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China

[4] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China

[5] Beijing Normal Univ, Adv Inst Nat Sci, Zhuhai 519087, Peoples R China

[6] UCAS, Hangzhou Inst Adv Study, Sch Fundamental Phys & Math Sci, Hangzhou 310024, Peoples R China

[7] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Phys Sci, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[8] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Theoret Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW D | 2024年 / 109卷 / 08期

基金：

中国国家自然科学基金; 中国博士后科学基金;

关键词：

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevD.109.084045

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The recent detection of a stochastic signal in the NANOGrav 15-year dataset has aroused great interest in uncovering its origin. However, the evidence for the Hellings-Downs correlations, a key signature of the gravitational-wave background (GWB) predicted by general relativity, remains inconclusive. In this paper, we search for an isotropic nontensorial GWB, allowed by general metric theories of gravity, in the NANOGrav 15-year dataset. Our analysis reveals a Bayes factor of approximately 2.5, comparing the quadrupolar (tensor transverse, TT) correlations to the scalar transverse (ST) correlations, suggesting that the ST correlations provide a comparable explanation for the observed stochastic signal in the NANOGrav data. We obtain the median and the 90% equal-tail amplitudes as AST = 7.8 & thorn;5.1-3.5 x 10-15 at the frequency of 1/year. Furthermore, we find that the vector longitudinal (VL) and scalar longitudinal (SL) correlations are weakly and strongly disfavored by data, respectively, yielding upper limits on the amplitudes: A95% 1.7 x 10-15 and A95% SL less than or similar to 7.4 x 10-17. Lastly, we fit the NANOGrav data with the general transverse (GT) correlations parametrized by a free parameter alpha. Our analysis yields alpha = 1.74 & thorn;1.18 TT (alpha = 3) and ST (alpha = 0) models at the 90% confidence level.

引用

页数：9

共 103 条

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Archibald, Anne ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven T. ;

Baker, Paul ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan ;

Blecha, Laura K. ;

Boddy, Kimberly ;

Brazier, Adam R. ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina D. ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler M. ;

Cordes, James J. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn J. ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

DeCesar, Megan ;

DeGan, Dallas B. ;

Demorest, Paul ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

von Eckardstein, Richard C. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel E. ;

Freedman, Gabriel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate A. ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle ;

Glaser, Joseph C. ;

Good, Deborah ;

Guertin, Lydia ;

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Agazie, Gabriella ;

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Archibald, Anne M. ;

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Baker, Paul T. ;

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Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor ;

Burnette, Rand ;

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Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

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Dolch, Timothy ;

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Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gultekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

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Key, Joey S. ;

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Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

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Baker, Paul T. ;

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Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

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Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

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Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

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Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

D'Orazio, Daniel J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

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Demorest, Paul B. ;

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Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

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Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Gardiner, Emiko ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gultekin, Kayhan ;

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Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

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Cohen, Tyler ;

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Crowter, Kathryn ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Digman, Matthew C. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia ;

Liu, Tingting .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (02)

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Agazie, Gabriella ;

Alam, Md Faisal ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Bonidie, Victoria ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Chapman, Christopher ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Jessup, Cody ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Kuske, Anastasia ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

W. Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[9] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[10] The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries [J].

Aggarwal, K. ;

Arzoumanian, Z. ;

Baker, P. T. ;

Brazier, A. ;

Brinson, M. R. ;

Brook, P. R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, S. ;

Chatterjee, S. ;

Cordes, M. ;

Cornish, N. J. ;

Crawford, F. ;

Crowter, K. ;

Cromartie, H. T. ;

DeCesar, M. ;

Demorest, P. B. ;

Dolch, T. ;

Ellis, J. A. ;

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Ferrara, E. ;

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← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →

共 103 条

[1] Translating nano-Hertz gravitational wave background into primordial perturbations taking account of the cosmological QCD phase transition [J].

Abe, Katsuya T. ;

Tada, Yuichiro .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2023, 108 (10)

[2] Have pulsar timing array methods detected a cosmological phase transition? [J].

Addazi, Andrea ;

Cai, Yi-Fu ;

Marciano, Antonino ;

Visinelli, Luca .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2024, 109 (01)

[3] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics [J].

Afzal, Adeela ;

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash M. ;

Archibald, Anne ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven T. ;

Baker, Paul ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan ;

Blecha, Laura K. ;

Boddy, Kimberly ;

Brazier, Adam R. ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina D. ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler M. ;

Cordes, James J. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn J. ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

DeCesar, Megan ;

DeGan, Dallas B. ;

Demorest, Paul ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

von Eckardstein, Richard C. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel E. ;

Freedman, Gabriel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate A. ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle ;

Glaser, Joseph C. ;

Good, Deborah ;

Guertin, Lydia ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan S. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina J. ;

Jennings, Ross D. ;

Johnson, Aaron L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[4]

Agazie G., 2023, arXiv

[5] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Transverse Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baier, Jeremy ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Decesar, Megan E. ;

Degan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gultekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2024, 964 (01)

[6] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Bonilla, Alexander ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

D'Orazio, Daniel J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Gardiner, Emiko ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gultekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie J. ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross L. ;

Johnson, Aaron ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 952 (02)

[7] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Digman, Matthew C. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia ;

Liu, Tingting .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (02)

[8] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Alam, Md Faisal ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Bonidie, Victoria ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Chapman, Christopher ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Jessup, Cody ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Kuske, Anastasia ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

W. Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[9] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[10] The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries [J].

Aggarwal, K. ;

Arzoumanian, Z. ;

Baker, P. T. ;

Brazier, A. ;

Brinson, M. R. ;

Brook, P. R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, S. ;

Chatterjee, S. ;

Cordes, M. ;

Cornish, N. J. ;

Crawford, F. ;

Crowter, K. ;

Cromartie, H. T. ;

DeCesar, M. ;

Demorest, P. B. ;

Dolch, T. ;

Ellis, J. A. ;

Ferdman, R. D. ;

Ferrara, E. ;

Fonseca, E. ;

Garver-Daniels, N. ;

Gentile, P. ;

Hazboun, J. S. ;

Holgado, A. M. ;

Huerta, E. A. ;

Islo, K. ;

Jennings, R. ;

Jones, G. ;

Jones, M. L. ;

Kaiser, A. R. ;

Kaplan, D. L. ;

Kelley, L. Z. ;

Keys, J. S. ;

Lam, M. T. ;

Lazio, T. J. W. ;

Levin, L. ;

Lorimer, D. R. ;

Luo, J. ;

Lynch, R. S. ;

Madison, D. R. ;

McLaughlin, M. A. ;

McWilliams, S. T. ;

Mingarelli, C. M. F. ;

Ng, C. ;

Nice, D. J. ;

Pennucci, T. T. ;

Pol, N. S. ;

Ransom, S. M. ;

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Siemens, X. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2019, 880 (02)

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