Improving the perovskite solar cell by insertion of methyl ammonium tin oxide and cesium tin chloride as absorber layers: scaps 1d study based on experimental studies

In the present work, the two CsSnCl3 and MASnI(3) materials have been used as absorber layers in a proposed innovative perovskite solar cell (PSC) structure whose configuration is as follows FTO/ZnO/MASnI(3)/CsSnCl3/NiO/Pt. To improve the solar cell characteristics and efficiency, SCAPS 1D software was used to optimize different parameters such as thickness, doping density and defect density for both CsSnCl3 and MASnI(3)absorbent layers as well as defect density in HTM/CsSnCl3; CsSnCl3/MASnI(3) and MASnI(3)/ETMinterfaces; HTM and ETM; backcontact and temperature. Several competent materials taken from the literature were used to optimize the HTM and ETM of this structure. Here, for the HTM the proposed materials are: CuSCN, NiO, PEDOT:PSS, Cu2O, CuI, P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD and the selected materials for the ETM are: PCBM; CdS; ZnSe; SnO2; TiO2 and WO3. After the optimization of these different parameters the final configuration of the studied cell becomes FTO/ZnSe/MASnI(3)/CsSnCl3/Cu2O/Au. Under AM1.5G, T = 300 K standard test conditions, this optimized perovskite solar cell(PSC) exhibits performance of parameters such as an open circuit voltage of 1.162 V, short circuit current density of 30.36 mA cm(-2), a fill factor of 89.17% and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.45%. This study demonstrates that it is optimal to use both lead-free perovskites, CsSnCl3 and MASnI(3), in a PSC device to enhance its performance.