Blockchain for IoT Scenarios: Lightweight Three-Tier Architecture with GH-PBFT Consensus

Blockchain technology holds the potential to address security issues in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, its integration with IoT systems necessitates addressing substantial challenges related to lightweighting and scalability. This research introduces a novel architecture that seamlessly integrates IoT and blockchain technologies. A three-tier system design is proposed, enabling resource-constrained IoT devices to function as lightweight nodes. Integral to this architecture is the incorporation of certificate-less encryption, significantly reducing redundancy and resource overhead associated with certificate distribution and management. This approach simplifies the authentication and management processes for both nodes and end devices. Furthermore, the study introduces the GH-PBFT consensus algorithm, strategically optimizing system scalability and security. These pioneering solutions offer unprecedented possibilities for advancing blockchain applications within the intricate landscape of the Internet of Things.