3D modelling and simulation using virtual reality devices to enhance the teaching and learning process in hepatobiliary surgery for medical students.

Next generation modelling 3D devices and simulation with Virtual Reality (VR) glasses represent a new tool that can be used to improve the understanding of hepatobiliary surgery in medical students. Between September 2022 and January 2024, we conducted a prospective study among 4th year medical students. A new teaching methodology based on technological innovations centered on state-of-theart 3D was implemented. A survey was used to evaluate satisfaction, usefulness, improvement, implementation, comprehension and motivation indexes. A total of 46 students answered the questionnaire. A total of 95.7% agreed that the 3D virtual models and VR favored a greater interest in the class, with no unfavorable response in this respect. 95.7% agreed that the use of 3D printed models should have a greater presence in surgery classes. A 97.8% agreed that surgical videos assisted by 3D reconstructions should have more presence in the classroom. The results of this study support the effectiveness and acceptance of 3D technology -based teaching methodology in the teaching of hepatic surgical anatomy.