RESHAPING THE BORDERS OF JOURNALISM Lessons learned from transnational peoples' journalism

The Saami and the Roma are both transnational peoples with robust journalistic practices. Although vastly different in socio-economic standing and relationship to the state, both groups choose to develop journalism and journalists to share their perspective of the world; and do so while remaining true to the distinction between journalism and propaganda. This requires access and ability to frame issues and actors, problems and solutions while maintaining professional journalistic standards. Media-both having one's " own" media and creating stories that appear in the "mainstream" media-is key to this practice. Saami and Romani journalists very clearly show there is a way to be objective without being neutral. By interviewing 45 journalists, journalism educators, funders, and evaluators across six countries, as well as examining primary source documents, I show that although emerging from radically different contexts, the Saami and Roma are both distinct nations stretching over two or more states-transnational-which allows, and indeed requires, a unique approach to journalism. I identify two distinct strategies in approaching the goals and practice of, " transnational peoples' journalism": nation building/speaking within and intervening/speaking outside.