Clinical performance of the TrueMarkTM MSI assay for microsatellite instability detection in a Chinese colorectal cancer cohort

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) detection is valuable in assessing prognosis and treatment options. However, the conventional detection methods such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) are limited by not fully consistent results as well as a long turnaround time. TrueMarkTM MSI Assay is a novel solution for MSI analysis, but lack of research support in the Chinese colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Materials and methods: 60 dMMR and 60 pMMR CRC samples identified by IHC were collected and their MSI status were detected using TrueMarkTM MSI assay with an expanded panel of 13 markers. The overall performance and diagnostic concordance between TrueMarkTM MSI test and MMR IHC analysis were assessed and analyzed. Results: According to the TrueMarkTM test, 55 out of the 120 (45.8 %) CRCs were identified as MSI-high (MSI-H) with an instability at >= 4/13 markers. Compared with the MMR IHC analysis, an overall percent agreement of 94.2 % and a Kappa of 0.883 were achieved. For the seven inconsistent samples, tumor mutation burden analysis was performed and the results supported the diagnosis by TrueMarkTM test. To confirm the robustness of the above findings, a validation was performed in an independent cohort comprising 51 consecutive CRCs. Furthermore, an optimized panel composed of NR-21, NR-24, NR-27, ABI-16, ABI-17 and ABI-20B was developed by multivariate logistic regression model, and showed 100 % agreement with the 13-marker panel for MSI detection in both the derivation and validation sets. Conclusion: TrueMarkTM MSI provides a fast, reliable and highly automated solution to MSI detection in Chinese CRC patients, and the new 6-marker panel we established shows promise deserving further evaluation.