Transcriptome Sequencing of the Oral Mucosa Reveals Gene Expression Differences in Patients With Parry-Romberg Syndrome

Objective:Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is an acquired disease characterized by progressive unilateral atrophy of the facial skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone. There are various hypotheses to try to explain the occurrence of the disease, but the specific etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential molecular pathogenesis of the disease by using next-generation RNA-sequencing technology.Methods:The authors collected oral mucosal tissue from the affected side and the healthy side from 3 patients with PRS. Tissue samples were subjected to RNA extraction, whole transcriptome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed genes were obtained from both groups of samples and then analyzed for functional enrichment.Results:A total of 186 differentially expressed genes were screened from the 2 groups of samples. Compared with the healthy side, several immune-related genes, including immunoglobulin kappa variable (IGKV)2D-28, IGKV1D-33, IGKV1-33, and NLRP10, were significantly upregulated in the affected tissue. In addition, the differential genes were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways including pancreatic secretion, protein and fat digestion, and absorption.Conclusions:The authors described the gene expression differences between the affected and healthy tissues of patients with PRS for the first time. Immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of PRS.