Bacterial protein acetylation: mechanisms, functions, and methods for study

被引:5
|
作者
Rizo, Jocelin [1 ]
Encarnacion-Guevara, Sergio [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Lab Prote, Cuernavaca, Mexico
来源
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY | 2024年 / 14卷
关键词
bacteria; protein; acetylation; functions; methods; GCN5-RELATED N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; QUANTITATIVE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE HOMOLOG; WIDE LYSINE ACETYLATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; COENZYME-A;
D O I
10.3389/fcimb.2024.1408947
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Lysine acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved protein modification that changes protein functions and plays an essential role in many cellular processes, such as central metabolism, transcriptional regulation, chemotaxis, and pathogen virulence. It can alter DNA binding, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, protein stability, or protein localization. In prokaryotes, lysine acetylation occurs non-enzymatically and by the action of lysine acetyltransferases (KAT). In enzymatic acetylation, KAT transfers the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) to the lysine side chain. In contrast, acetyl phosphate (AcP) is the acetyl donor of chemical acetylation. Regardless of the acetylation type, the removal of acetyl groups from acetyl lysines occurs only enzymatically by lysine deacetylases (KDAC). KATs are grouped into three main superfamilies based on their catalytic domain sequences and biochemical characteristics of catalysis. Specifically, members of the GNAT are found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and have a core structural domain architecture. These enzymes can acetylate small molecules, metabolites, peptides, and proteins. This review presents current knowledge of acetylation mechanisms and functional implications in bacterial metabolism, pathogenicity, stress response, translation, and the emerging topic of protein acetylation in the gut microbiome. Additionally, the methods used to elucidate the biological significance of acetylation in bacteria, such as relative quantification and stoichiometry quantification, and the genetic code expansion tool (CGE), are reviewed.
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页数:28
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