Progress on Microwave Absorption Performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

The current electromagnetic environment exhibits a growing demand for efficient microwave-absorbing materials. Developing multifunctional and efficient wave-absorbing materials poses a challenging research hotspot. Numerous researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing high-performance broadband wave-absorbing materials with outstanding mechanical properties. Utilizing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) for electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) is a rapidly evolving field. Carbon fiber-based EMA composites are characterized by high dielectric loss, high thermal stability, and low density, enabling them to achieve EMA properties while meeting mechanical property requirements. This review summarizes the principles of electromagnetic EMA, focusing on dielectric and magnetic losses, the preparation methods of CFRP, such as organic polymer synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, and vacuum forming processes, as well as their underlying principles. It also evaluates the research progress on the EMA properties of CFRP composites, particularly highlighting CFRP matrix modification and coating treatment. Finally, the challenges of CFRP EMA and potential future development directions are discussed. This analysis offers multiple recommendations for future researchers. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in preparation, modification, and coating technologies employed for CFRP composites. It delves into several preparation stage processes, including organic polymer synthesis, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and vacuum forming, underscoring the significance of each process. It also discusses the integration of metallic, nano, and ceramic materials, highlighting their roles in improving electromagnetic absorption (EMA) properties and mechanical strength. Additionally, it examines the impacts of structural modifications, including the integration of specialized structures like 3D porous and honeycomb designs, on EMA capabilities and mechanical properties. MXene, a promising 2D material, has garnered significant attention for its potential to facilitate the development of lightweight, high-strength EMA materials. Furthermore, the paper explores the role of coating technologies, including absorbers and composite coatings, in extending microwave absorption capabilities. Finally, the paper highlights the substantial progress and prospects in researching CFRP composites' mechanical and microwave properties. image