Exosomes derived from Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Nucleus Pulposus Cell Apoptosis via the miR-155-5p/Trim32 Axis

Background: Lower back pain, shown to be strongly associated with IVDD, affects approximately 60%-80% of adults and has a considerable societal and economic impact. Evidence suggests that IVDD, caused by abnormal apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), can be treated using MSC-derived exosomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of miR155-5p/Trim32 in intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Deregulating miR-155 has been shown to promote Fas-mediated apoptosis in human IVDD. Evidence also suggests that tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing protein 32 (Trim32) is regulated by miR-155. However, the role of miR155-5p/Trim32 in IVDD remains unclear. Methods: Cell viability was checked using CCK-8 kits, and flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptosis. Cell migration was measured with a Transwell assay, while a luciferase assay was adopted to study how miR-155-5p interacts with Trim32. The roles of Trim32 and miR-155-5p were studied by silencing or up-regulating them in NPCs, while qPCR and immunoblots were used to evaluate mRNA and protein changes, respectively. Results: TNF-alpha treatment significantly inhibited cell viability but promoted Trim32 expression in primary mouse NPCs. Administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attenuated primary NPC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. BMSCs-derived exosomes could be taken up by NPCs to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through miR-155-5p. Examination of the underlying mechanism showed that miR-155-5p targeted Trim32. Moreover, Trim32 overexpression inhibited the effect of BMSCs-derived exosomes on primary mouse NPC cell apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that exosomes from BMSCs can suppress TNF-alpha-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in primary mouse NPCs through the delivery of miR-155-5p by targeting Trim32. This study provides a promising therapeutic strategy for IVDD.