Performance optimization and comparative study of a conical solar distiller with optimized construction of aluminium balls as energy storage materials

This study seeks to find the ideal size of aluminum balls to improve the effectiveness of conical solar stills for storing energy, due to the increasing demand for drinking water and the high costs of getting portable drinking water. To achieve this, three comparable conical solar distillers were made using aluminum balls of various diameters (1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, and 2.5 cm) at a 4 cm center spacing. Two days were spent on the experiments. The first distiller had no metal balls on the first day, whereas the second and third had 41 1 cm and 1.5 cm aluminum balls uniformly dispersed at the bottom. On the second day, the first distiller had no metal balls, but the second and third had 41 2 cm and 2.5 cm balls. The water basin depth was consistently maintained at 2.5 cm. The results revealed that the distiller with 2 cm diameter aluminum balls achieved the highest productivity, yielding 840 mL/m 2 , compared to the distillers with aluminum balls of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2.5 cm diameter, as well as the conventional distiller without any storage materials, which yielded 645 mL/m 2 , 695 mL/m 2 , 755 mL/ m 2 , and 570 mL/m 2 , respectively. The ideal diameter for the aluminum balls was found to be 2 cm, leading to a significant 47.37 % enhancement in water productivity. Conical solar stills using 2 cm diameter aluminum balls as an economical energy storage material provide the best answer.