Current advances in the use of artificial intelligence in predicting and managing urological complications

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising avenue for improving patient care and surgical outcomes in urological surgery. However, the extent of AI's impact in predicting and managing complications is not fully elucidated.ObjectivesWe review the application of AI to foresee and manage complications in urological surgery, assess its efficacy, and discuss challenges to its use.Methods and materialsA targeted non-systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify studies on AI in urological surgery and its complications. Evidence from the studies was synthesised.ResultsIncorporating AI into various facets of urological surgery has shown promising advancements. From preoperative planning to intraoperative guidance, AI is revolutionising the field, demonstrating remarkable proficiency in tasks such as image analysis, decision-making support, and complication prediction. Studies show that AI programmes are highly accurate, increase surgical precision and efficiency, and reduce complications. However, implementation challenges exist in AI errors, human errors, and ethical issues.ConclusionAI has great potential in predicting and managing surgical complications of urological surgery. Advancements have been made, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed before widespread AI implementation.