Green synthesis of Abutilon indicum (L) derived iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticles with excellent biological, anticancer and photocatalytic activities

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death all over the world. Although there are many treatments available none of them are without side-effect and most of them are very expensive. Similarly, Inflammation is one of another common medical condition worldwide but most of the therapies available are not environment and pocket friendly. Thus, the aim of our study was to synthesize environmentally friendly, cost-effective FeO NPs with significant anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties. The green synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (FeO NPs) using plant extract is one of the environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and a secure alternative to physical or chemical synthesis methods. In the present study we used Abutilon indicum leaf extract to synthesize the Ai-FeO NPs and performed various experiments to confirm the therapeutic potential of green synthesized Ai-FeO nanoparticles. In this method, an aqueous plant leaf extract (A. indicum: Ai) was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of FeO nanoparticles. The synthesized Ai-FeO NPs were characterized by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance of the surface at a resonance band 415 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study confirmed the inherent bioactive functional groups as capping and stabilizing agents for Ai-FeO NPs. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed crystalline nature of the NPs. Further, the synthesized NPs have been isolated in highly stable, crystalline nature with spherical shape having size 10-95 nm. In addition, the green synthesized Ai-FeO-NPs demonstrated dose-dependent antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The findings of this study suggested that A. indicum leaf extract mediated FeO nanoparticles could be potentially used as a therapeutic agent for many human diseases and breast cancer.