Modelling and optimization of hybrid Kevlar/glass fabric reinforced polymer composites for low-velocity impact resistant applications

Kevlar and glass-based fabric-reinforced polymer composites possess excellent impact resistance, corrosion and high specific strength properties which makes them suitable candidature for the fabrication of industrial helmets, riot shields, automobile parts etc. The polymer composite components are prone to impact failure, which restricts their wide commercial usage. In this work, to enhance the impact damage resistance of polymer composite laminates, a hybridized material model consisting of glass and Kevlar fabric was employed. The hybridization of Kevlar 'K' with glass 'G' fabric [K/K/G/G/K] results in a cost reduction of 32 % without any significant variation in performance when compared to non-hybrid Kevlar fabric-based composite laminate [K/K/K/K/K]. In comparison to plain glass fabric laminates [G/G/G/G/G], the [K/K/G/G/K] configuration exhibits a significant 16.68 % improvement in energy absorption. This improvement is rooted in a parametric study and optimization process employing the Preference Selection Index (PSI) technique to determine the optimum stacking sequence of fabrics within the composite laminate. In addition, it evaluates the projectile limit velocity necessary to prevent failure and assesses the total deformation for an optimized stacked [K/K/G/G/K] composite, taking into account various projectile shapes conforming to low-velocity impact applications. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the properties and capabilities of the hybrid composite laminate and may pave the way for the development of more effective materials for impact protection in various applications.