Rationale and Design of a Multicenter Trial on Exploratory Analysis of the Effects of Advance Care Planning Guided by the Prediction Program of Heart Failure Prognosis on Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure ― ACQUAINT-Trial ―

Background: Preplanning of care is necessary for patients with endstage heart failure (HF), but advance care planning (ACP) before the loss of a patient's comprehensive capacity is not yet routine for the public or the medical community. The challenge in accurately predicting a patient's prognosis is a strong barrier to implementing ACP. To address this problem, several models for risk stratification have been proposed and are available in clinical settings. Methods and Results: We randomized the procedure to provide estimated patient survival information to attending physicians and then assessed whether there was a change in (1) the frequency of ACP initiation occurred (physician-side evaluation), and/or (2) the patients' quality of life, including mental state (patient-side evaluation). Conclusions: This multicenter, open-label, single-blinded randomized clinical trial aims to assess the hypothesis that providing information on the estimated survival of a patient to the attending physicians will improve the frequency of ACP initiation and quality of life in patients with HF.