Comparative analysis of fractal antennae for sub-6 GHz and 5G bands for wireless and IoT applications

This paper proposes a comparative analysis of fractal antennas with a height of 1.6 mm for use in multiple bands; simulation results show that the gain of the proposed antenna is increased to 5 dBi. The proposed antenna covers high gain characteristics due to its 5dBi gain. The designed antenna radiates power with a directivity of 7.44 dBi. The proposed antenna with quad bands has more radiation concerning frequencies 2.2 GHz, 2.92 GHz, 4.1 GHz, and 7.5 GHz with Phi = 0 degrees and Phi = 90 degrees. The proposed antenna has four resonate notches at 2.2 GHz, 2.92 GHz, 4.1 GHz, and 7.5 GHz, respectively. The return loss of the proposed antenna is 14.3 dB, 16.9 dB, 16.4 dB, and 21 dB. The bandwidth percentages for applications covered as S-band, C-band, 5G band, etc., in the frequency range of 2.1 GHz and 2.3 GHz, 2.8 GHz and 3.1 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 4.6 GHz, and 7.1 GHz-7.9 GHz are 9%, 10.1%, 24%, and 10.6%, respectively. It also covers 4G, S-band like weather radar and satellite communications, and X-band applications in the frequency range of 2.1 GHz to 2.3 GHz, 2.8 GHz to 3.1 GHz,3.6 GHz to 4.6 GHz and 7.1 GHz to 7.9 GHz. The proposed antenna has been designed using IE3D, and has been verified using the Key-Sight VNA and Spectrum analyzer in presense of absorber.