Relationship of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and E-selectin) with ABO blood groups in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction

Objectives: Adhesion molecules, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin appear to have a major role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin with ABO blood groups in Pakistani patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: In a case-control study, 116 patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 116 healthy controls (age range for both: 30 years to 70 years; both males and females) were randomly selected from the Aga Khan University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi with informed consent. The blood samples were obtained and analyzed for ABO blood groups and serum levels of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin using kit methods. Statistical tests including independent sample t-test and Two-way ANOVA were used to study the association of these adhesion molecules with blood groups in AMI patients and healthy controls . Duration of the study was from July 2021 to June 30, 2023. Results: Mean serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in AMI patients compared to healthy controls (342 +/- 159 mg/dl vs. 227 +/- 104 mg/dl; p-value <0.001). Similarly, serum levels of sE-selectin were also significantly higher in AMI patients compared to healthy controls (53.6 +/- 26.9 mg/dl vs. 40.7 +/- mg/dl; p-value <0.001). Moreover, mean concentrations of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin for the interaction between subject type (cases and control) and blood groups were statistically significant (p-value = 0.007 and p-value = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: There is an association of adhesion molecules, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin with ABO blood groups in Pakistani patients hospitalized with AMI.