Peritoneal tuberculosis or peritoneal carcinomatosis: a challenging differential diagnosis

Peritoneal tuberculosis is uncommon; there is an increased risk of developing this condition in immunocompromised patients. Peritoneal tuberculosis is often clinically and radiologically confused with peritoneal carcinomatosis. We report a case of an immunocompromised patient whose initial imaging findings pointed to a lung neoplasm with peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, further diagnostic tests revealed peritoneal tuberculosis. This case underscores the importance of differentiating between the two conditions, and the complementary diagnostic tools that help to differentiate them, particularly highlighting the higher probability of peritoneal tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients.