Hybrid DE optimised kernel SVR-relied techniques to forecast the outlet turbidity and outlet dissolved oxygen in distinct filtration media and micro-irrigation filters

In micro -irrigation systems, distinct media filters and filtering materials are employed to remove suspended solids from irrigation water and thereby avoid emitter obstruction. Turbidity is related to suspended solids and dissolved oxygen depends on organic matter load. At this time, no models exist that are trustworthy enough to forecast the dissolved oxygen and turbidity at the outlet when utilising various media configurations and filter types. The objective of this investigation was to construct a model that can identify turbidity and dissolved oxygen at the filter outlet in advance. This study presents an algorithm for meta -heuristic optimisation inspired by populations termed Differential Evolution (DE) in conjunction with Support Vector Regression (SVR) (DE/ SVR-relied model). This is an effective machine learning method, with seven kernel types for calculating the output turbidity (Turbo) and the output dissolved oxygen (DOo) from a dataset comprising 1,016 samples of various reclaimed water -using filter types. The type of media and filter, the height of the filter bed, the cycle duration, and the filtration velocity, as well as the electrical conductivity at the filter inlet, pH, inlet dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and the input turbidity are all tracked and analysed in order to achieve this. The best -fitted DE/SVR-relied model was constructed to predict the Turbo and DOo as well as the input variables' relative importance. Determination coefficients for the best -fitted DE/SVR-relied model for the testing dataset were 0.89 and 0.92 for outlet turbidity (Turbo) and outlet dissolved oxygen (DOo), respectively, showing a good predictive performance which are of great importance for the management of drip irrigation systems.