Research on Key Challenges and Technologies Ahead for Energy Internet to Net Zero Emissions

At present, net-zero carbon emission has become a global goal, which accelerates the energy transition to use more clean electricity generated by variable renewable energy (VER). Energy Internet is expected to play an important role in decarbonizing the future energy system. As this transition progresses grow, the technology needs of Energy Internet for strong support for innovation therefore grows with it. In this paper, a description of roadmaps of China' energy sector for carbon neutrality ambition is provided first, and the key challenges especially security issues ahead for Energy Internet are analyzed including power supply security, grid operation security, supply chain security, and cyber security. In the meanwhile, because an orderly transition toward clean new energy industries highly relies on several large-scale technologies, the technology framework is introduced in this paper. Then, four core technology clusters, including renewable, smart grid, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and hydrogen, are tracked and reviewed along with the information on current demonstration status, technical challenges, development opportunities, technology readiness level (TRL), and so on.