From theory to practice: Analyzing factors that foster the successful implementation of the one health approach for enhancing health security in Cameroon

Background: Multisectoral collaboration is crucial in effectively managing public health emergencies. The One Health approach, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, has gained recognition as an effective strategy. This study analysis the factors influencing the implementation of the One Health approach in Cameroon and examines its effects on public health emergency management. Method: A survey was conducted among 44 stakeholders from key sectors involved in implementing the "One Health approach" in Cameroon. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire using a self-administered approach. Statistical analysis using the Ki Square test was conducted to identify associations between variables. Results: The findings revealed that stakeholders in Cameroon lacked prior training on the One Health approach, primarily due to its absence in their academic programs. However, ad hoc trainings during public health emergencies were effective in involving various sectors. Limited communication and collaboration between different sectors, often operating in silos, posed significant challenges. Stakeholders with previous collaborative experiences and existing relationships demonstrated a greater propensity for multisectoral collaboration. The involvement of environmental health professionals in collaboration activities was limited, highlighting the need for improved engagement. Strong leadership, supported by coordination structures and platforms, played a critical role in facilitating collaboration during public health emergencies. Communication channels, such as regular multisectoral meetings, were essential in fostering relationships and trust among stakeholders. However, financial constraints hindered cross-sector cooperation. Conclusion: To enhance multisectoral collaboration in public health emergency management, there is a need to prioritize training on the One Health approach and promote cross-sector communication and collaboration. Strengthening coordination structures and platforms, improving resource allocation, and fostering a culture of accountability and trust are crucial for effective implementation. This study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in implementing the One Health approach in Cameroon and offers valuable lessons for other countries seeking to enhance their multisectoral response to public health emergencies.