Noninvasive Fluorescence Imaging Through Scattering Media Beyond Memory Effect via Speckle Correlations

The memory-effect-based speckle auto-correlation method has gained significant attention for its ability to perform single-shot noninvasive imaging through scattering media. Despite its advantages, however, not only its imaging field-of-view (FOV) is limited by the memory effect (ME), but also the relative positions and orientations of the reconstructed objects beyond ME are lost. Therefore, an approach that enables the reconstruction of multiple objects or a whole object behind scattering media beyond the ME region while accurately preserving the relative positions and orientations of its sub-objects is proposed. The method achieves this by directly leveraging the correlation of the collected speckle patterns. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It not only can reconstruct the image of multiple objects or a whole object beyond the ME region simulated by a digital micromirror device but also can reconstruct the image of a fluorescent object beyond the ME region noninvasively, which is well consistent with the theoretical predictions. The method provides a promising pathway for noninvasively visualizing fluorescent objects behind scattering media without being constrained by ME, thereby expanding the imaging FOV. A method for noninvasive imaging through scattering media beyond memory effect (ME) is proposed, which directly exploits correlations of speckle patterns without point spread function estimations or fingerprint reconstructions. Its effectiveness is demonstrated not only for imaging objects simulated by a digital micromirror device beyond the ME region but also for imaging fluorescent objects beyond the ME region. image