Contraceptive complication: Emergence of a bladder stone - A case report

Introduction and importance: Bladder stones, although rare in a healthy bladder, can emerge due to various factors, including obstructions in urinary flow, recurrent infections, and foreign bodies. Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are known for their potential to migrate from the uterine cavity, leading to unusual complications such as bladder stone formation. Case presentation: A 52-year-old woman, previously treated for a complicated urinary tract infection, presented with intermittent lower abdominal pain, dysuria, and hematuria. She had a history of an IUCD insertion 15 years earlier, which was later documented as missing. Diagnostic imaging revealed a large bladder stone, encasing the previously inserted IUCD. An open vesicolithotomy was performed, during which a stone measuring 6 x 5 cm was removed, revealing the IUCD within. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery with no further urinary tract infections at a 6-month follow-up. Clinical discussion: The migration of an IUCD can lead to various complications, depending on its final location. The formation of bladder stones around a migrated IUCD is a rare but significant complication, necessitating a thorough diagnostic approach. Radiography and ultrasonography proved sufficient for diagnosing the intravesical migration in this case. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of considering a migrated IUCD in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with urinary symptoms, especially those with a history of a missing IUCD. Timely diagnosis and management are crucial in preventing further complications.