Cross-Domain Authentication Scheme for Vehicles Based on Given Virtual Identities

The advancement of intelligent transportation systems has enhanced both vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) and road safety. However, traditional cross-domain scenarios in VANETs face challenges, such as the computational burden of identity and message authentication, as well as privacy breaches. In this study, to mitigate the issues surrounding communication security and the significant computational overhead within traditional cross-domain scenarios in VANETs, we propose a certificate-based cross-domain authentication scheme specifically tailored for VANETs. Moreover, considering the interdomain vehicle authentication challenges, the scheme introduces an efficient batch verification mechanism suitable for dynamic multivehicle cross-domain scenarios. To mitigate the potential single point of failure, a two-way synchronization database mechanism is presented, ensuring uninterrupted operations in case of primary database failure. Moreover, privacy protection for vehicles is enhanced through the use of virtual identities. Through rigorous security proofs and detailed security analyses, we demonstrate that the scheme meets the security requirements of vehicular networks and can resist more security attacks. Moreover, performance analysis highlights its superiority over related advanced schemes in cross-domain VANET scenarios. Through performance evaluation using the JPBC library and comparison with relevant schemes, the proposed solution demonstrated superior results in terms of communication and computational overhead.