Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and skeletal muscle metabolism: a review of clinical and preclinical studies

被引:0
作者
Doussat, Camille [1 ]
Brioche, Thomas [1 ]
Casas, Francois [1 ]
Capel, Frederic [2 ]
Feillet-Coudray, Christine [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Montpellier, DMEM, INRAE, Montpellier, France
[2] Univ Clermont Auvergne, Unite Nutr Humaine UNH, INRAE, UMR1019, Clermont Ferrand, France
关键词
Omega 3 fatty acids; skeletal muscle; physical activity; obesity; sarcopenia; cachexia; Aides gras om & eacute; ga; 3; muscle squelettique; activit & eacute; physique; ob & eacute; sit & eacute; sarcop & eacute; nie; cachexie; FATTY-ACIDS; MASS;
D O I
10.1051/ocl/2024011
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Background: There is a myriad of metabolic roles of omega-3 fatty acids. More recently, studies have looked at omega-3 fatty acids effects on skeletal muscle. Objectives: The objective was to determine their effects in situations such as physical activity, obesity, sarcopenia and cachexia. Methods: Bibliographic searches focused on the PubMed database, looking in priority at systematic reviews, until November 2023. Twenty-seven papers were finally included. Results: Omega-3 fatty acids could increase protein anabolism, reduce protein catabolism in the context of exercise-related muscle damages, and could induce beneficial mitochondrial modifications. In obesity, omega-3 fatty acids participate in weight loss and its maintenance, and can help decrease insulin resistance. In sarcopenia atrophic conditions, omega 3 fatty acids allow muscle mass and function maintenance. In cancer cachexia, omega 3 fatty acids are more efficient at the pre-cachectic stage, as they can reduce protein catabolism and increase protein anabolism, but cannot reverse energy imbalance. Conclusions: Omega 3 fatty acids have multiple beneficial effects on skeletal muscle in physical activity, obesity, sarcopenia and cachexia. Yet, these effects are mediated by EPA and DHA, whose sources are solely of marine origins. As marine resources are overexploited, finding diverse sources of omega-3 fatty acids is crucial. Contexte : Les acides gras om & eacute;ga 3 poss & egrave;dent de nombreuses propri & eacute;t & eacute;s m & eacute;taboliques. R & eacute;cemment, plusieurs & eacute;tudes ont consid & eacute;r & eacute; leur action sur le muscle squelettique. Objectifs : L'objectif de cette revue est d'analyser leurs effets dans des situations telles que l'activit & eacute; physique, l'ob & eacute;sit & eacute;, la sarcop & eacute;nie et la cachexie. M & eacute;thodes : Les recherches bibliographiques ont port & eacute; sur la base de donn & eacute;es PubMed, en examinant en priorit & eacute; les revues syst & eacute;matiques, ceci jusqu'en novembre 2023. Vingt-sept articles ont & eacute;t & eacute; inclus. R & eacute;sultats : Les acides gras om & eacute;ga-3 augmenteraient l'anabolisme et diminuerait le catabolisme des prot & eacute;ines, dans un contexte de dommages musculaires li & eacute;s & agrave; l'exercice, et induiraient des modifications mitochondriales b & eacute;n & eacute;fiques. Dans l'ob & eacute;sit & eacute;, ils favoriseraient la perte de poids et son maintien, et aideraient & agrave; diminuer la r & eacute;sistance & agrave; l'insuline. Dans la sarcop & eacute;nie, ils permettraient un maintien de la masse et de la fonction musculaire. Dans la cachexie canc & eacute;reuse, les acides gras om & eacute;ga-3 seraient plus efficaces au stade pr & eacute;-cachectique, en modulant le m & eacute;tabolisme prot & eacute;ique, mais cependant ils n'inverseraient pas le d & eacute;s & eacute;quilibre & eacute;nerg & eacute;tique. Conclusions : Les acides gras om & eacute;ga 3 ont de multiples effets b & eacute;n & eacute;fiques sur le muscle squelettique dans un contexte d'activit & eacute; physique et d'ob & eacute;sit & eacute;, lors de la sarcop & eacute;nie et de la cachexie. Cependant, ces effets sont m & eacute;di & eacute;s par l'EPA et le DHA, dont les sources sont uniquement d'origine marine. Les ressources marines & eacute;tant surexploit & eacute;es, il est crucial de trouver des sources diversifi & eacute;es d'acides gras om & eacute;ga-3.
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