Association between gait video information and general cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cross-sectional study

Aims Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may not be detected in time with conventional clinical approaches. Abnormal gait patterns have been associated with pathological conditions and can be monitored continuously by gait video. We aim to test the association between non-contact, video-based gait information and general CVD status.Methods and results Individuals undergoing confirmatory CVD evaluation were included in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Gait videos were recorded with a Kinect camera. Gait features were extracted from gait videos to correlate with the composite and individual components of CVD, including coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and cerebrovascular events. The incremental value of incorporating gait information with traditional CVD clinical variables was also evaluated. Three hundred fifty-two participants were included in the final analysis [mean (standard deviation) age, 59.4 (9.8) years; 25.3% were female]. Compared with the baseline clinical variable model [area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) 0.717, (0.690-0.743)], the gait feature model demonstrated statistically better performance [AUC 0.753, (0.726-0.780)] in predicting the composite CVD, with further incremental value when incorporated with the clinical variables [AUC 0.764, (0.741-0.786)]. Notably, gait features exhibited varied association with different CVD component conditions, especially for peripheral artery disease [AUC 0.752, (0.728-0.775)] and heart failure [0.733, (0.707-0.758)]. Additional analyses also revealed association of gait information with CVD risk factors and the established CVD risk score.Conclusion We demonstrated the association and predictive value of non-contact, video-based gait information for general CVD status. Further studies for gait video-based daily living CVD monitoring are promising. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to investigate the association between video-based gait information and general cardiovascular disease (CVD) status, with findings suggesting the potential of non-contact, video-based gait information for continuous CVD monitoring and early detection: Gait video information extracted by advanced machine learning algorithms was well associated with general CVD status and demonstrated the predictive performance both significantly better and incremental to the conventional clinical risk factors.Among individual CVD components, gait information exhibited differential predictive value and feature contribution, with particularly noteworthy performance in predicting peripheral artery disease and heart failure. Graphical abstract AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HTN, hypertension; FRS, Framingham Risk Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.